Publication Ethics

Duties of Authors

• Reporting Standards
  Authors must report research results honestly, accurately, objectively, and in a replicable manner.
  Source: COPE (2011); Elsevier (2020).
• Originality and Plagiarism
  Manuscripts must be original and free from plagiarism, with proper citation of all sources.
  Source: COPE (2011); APA (2020).
• Multiple Publication
  Manuscripts must not be submitted or published in more than one journal simultaneously.
  Source: ICMJE (2023); COPE (2011).
• Data Access and Retention
  Authors should be prepared to provide and retain research data for a reasonable period.
  Source: ALPSP–STM (2006); COPE (2019).
• Authorship
  Only those who made significant contributions should be listed as authors and must approve the final version.
  Source: ICMJE (2023); COPE (2011).
• Conflicts of Interest
  All conflicts of interest and funding sources must be disclosed.
  Source: COPE (2019); Elsevier (2020).
• Post-Publication Errors
  Significant errors must be promptly reported for correction or retraction.
  Source: COPE Retraction Guidelines (2019).

Duties of Editors

• Fair Play — Editors evaluate manuscripts solely on academic merit.
  Source: COPE (2011).
• Confidentiality — All manuscript information is treated as confidential.
  Source: COPE (2019).
• Conflicts of Interest — Editors must not use unpublished material for personal research.
  Source: COPE (2011).
• Publication Decision — Decisions are based on scholarly quality and relevance.
  Source: Elsevier (2020); COPE (2011).

Duties of Reviewers

• Objectivity — Reviews must be objective and constructive.
  Source: COPE (2013).
• Confidentiality — Manuscripts are confidential documents.
  Source: COPE (2013).
• Conflicts of Interest — Reviewers must decline reviews with conflicts of interest.
  Source: COPE (2013).
• Acknowledgment of Sources — Reviewers should identify uncited relevant work and possible overlap.
  Source: COPE (2013).