ANALISIS TEMATIK TERM RA’FAH DALAM AL-QUR’AN
Upaya Rekonsiliasi Konseptual Rahmat Tuhan dan Teori Sanksi Zina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30631/tjd.v23i2.603Keywords:
Ra’fah, Adultery, Justice, Thematic InterpretationAbstract
This study thematically examines the term ra’fah in the Qur’an, particularly in the context of implementing zina (adultery) sanctions, aiming to formulate a conceptual reconciliation between the divine mercy and the principle of justice in Islamic law. The background of this research is based on the common practice in society of resolving zina cases through mediation or customary law, which contradicts the provisions of Islamic criminal law as stipulated in Q.S. An-Nur verse 2 and Aceh Qanun No. 9 of 2008, as well as the phenomenon of victims marrying their abusers to preserve family honor, which obscures the protection of victims' rights and justice. This study employs a qualitative method with a thematic interpretation approach to Qur’anic verses containing the term ra’fah. The findings reveal that ra’fah is explicitly mentioned only in two verses, Q.S. An-Nur verse 2 and Q.S. Al-Hadid verse 27, both revealed in Medina; in Q.S. An-Nur verse 2, ra’fah means the prohibition of allowing compassion to prevent the enforcement of zina sanctions in order to uphold justice and legal certainty, while in Q.S. Al-Hadid verse 27, ra’fah is associated with gentleness and compassion instilled in the hearts of the followers of Prophet Isa (Jesus). These findings affirm that ra’fah is not an obstacle to law enforcement but an ethical foundation that balances divine mercy and legal firmness in the implementation of Islamic sharia. The study recommends a comprehensive understanding of ra’fah as an ethical basis for enforcing Islamic criminal law to create harmony between compassion and justice. The novelty of this research lies in its focused thematic analysis of ra’fah in the context of zina sanctions, which has been rarely explored, and the affirmation that ra’fah is an ethical principle guiding law enforcement to remain humane without compromising firmness, thus contributing new theoretical insights to the development of Islamic law, especially in the enforcement of hudud sanctions through a more comprehensive and contextual interpretation of ra’fah.
References
Afrilia, Vika. “Sanksi Zina dalam Perkawinan Masyarakat Suku Pekal Desa Napal Putih Bengkulu.” Jurnal Yuridis 9, no. 2 (2023): 131–46. https://doi.org/10.35586/jyur.v9i2.4738.
Al-Jarf, Reima. “Lexical Hybridization in Arabic: The Case of Word Formation with Borrowed Affixes.” International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 6, no. 10 (2023). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2023.6.10.9.
Al-Qardhawy, Yusuf. Fiqh al-Mu’amalat al-Maliyah. Makkah: Dar al-Shuruq, 2000.
Alharbi, Jalal, dan Lourance Al Hadid. “Towards an understanding of compassion from an Islamic perspective.” Journal of Clinical Nursing 28, no. 7 (2018). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14725.
Auda, Jasser. Maqasid Al-Syari’ah as Philosophy of Islamic Law; a System Approach. London: The International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2008.
Bandes, Susan A. “Compassion and The Rule of Law.” International Journal of Law in Context 13, no. 2 (2017): 184–196. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1744552317000118.
Baqi, Muhammad Fuad ’Abd Al. Mu’jam Al-Mufahras lil Al-Fazhil Qur’an. Mishr: Dar Al Kutub Al Mishriyyah, 1945.
Budi Kisworo. “Zina Dalam Kajian Teologis dan sosiologis.” Al Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum Islam 1, no. 1 (2016): 1–24.
Coward, Harold, dan Gordan S. Smith. Religion and Peacebuilding. New York: State University: New York Press, 2004.
Dhira, Majid. “Lafaz Rahmah dalam Al-Qur’an.” Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh, 2020.
Hamka, Buya. Tafsir Al-Azhar. Vol. 9. Singapura: Pustaka Nasional PTE LTD Singapura, 1989.
Haq, Arina Zulfa Ul. “Pelaku dan Korban Pemerkosaan di Purworejo Dinikahkan, Pakar: Harusnya Dihindari.” detikjateng, 2024. https://www.detik.com/jateng/hukum-dan-kriminal/d-7633711/pelaku-dan-korban-perkosaan-di-purworejo-dinikahkan-pakar-harusnya-dihindari.
Harahap, Parlin Azhar, Gomgom T.P. Siregar, dan Syawal Amry Siregar. “Peran Kepolisian Daerah Sumatera Utara (Polda-Su) dalam Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Tindak Pidana Pemilihan Umum.” Jurnal Retentum 3, no. 1 (2021). https://doi.org/10.46930/retentum.v3i1.906.
Huda, Syamsul. “Zina dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Kitab Undang Undang Hukum Pidana.” HUNAFA: Jurnal Studia Islamika 12, no. 2 (2015): 377. https://doi.org/10.24239/jsi.v12i2.401.377-397.
Irwan, Irwan, Fadjrin Wira Perdana, Doharman Lumban Tungkup, Miran Miran, dan Suteki Suteki. “Hukum Tajam ke Bawah Tumpul ke Atas (Perspektif Sosiologis Penegakan Hukum di Indonesia).” Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains 3, no. 6 (2022): 1026–34. https://doi.org/10.36418/jiss.v3i6.672.
Joan C. Tronto. Moral Boundaries: A Political Argument for an Ethic of Care. New York: Routledge, Chapman and Hall, Inc., 1993.
Khasan, Moh. “Prinsip-Prinsip Keadilan Hukum dalam Asas Legalitas Hukum Pidana Islam (Justice Principles in The Principle of Legality of Islamic Criminal Law).” Rechtsvinding: Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional 6, no. 1 (2017). https://doi.org/10.33331/rechtsvinding.v6i1.133.
Mir-Hosseini, Ziba. “Criminalising Sexuality: Zina Laws as Violence Against Women in Muslim Contexts.” International Journal on Human Rights 8, no. 15 (2011): 7–33. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2056428.
Mohammad Hashim, Kamali. Shari’ah Law: An Introduction. Diedit oleh Jayvee Jayvee. Oneworld Publications, 2008.
Muvid, Muhamad Basyrul. “Menjunjung Tinggi Islam Agama Kasih Sayang Dan Cinta Kasih Dalam Dimensi Sufisme.” Reflektika 16, no. 2 (2021): 145. https://doi.org/10.28944/reflektika.v16i2.523.
Nussbaum, Martha C. Upheavals of Thought: The Intelligence of Emotions. 1st Publis. Edinburgh: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
Possito, John L. “The Straight Path.” Oxford University Press, 2011.
Prathama, Pandu Aditya, dan Muhammad Zaki Mahadwistha. “Studi Fenomenologi: Konsep Cinta dan Kasih Sayang dalam Islam.” IHSANIKA: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam 2, no. 3 (2024): 339–52. https://doi.org/10.59841/ihsanika.v2i3.1456.
Quraish Shihab, Muhammad. Tafsir Al-Misbah; Pesan dan Keserasian Al-Qur’an. Vol. 14. Tanggerang Selatan: Lentera Hati, 2012.
Qutb, Sayyid. Tafsir Fi Zhilalil Qur’an (Di Bawah Naungan Al-Qur’an). Jilid 2. Jakarta: Gema Insani, 2003.
RI, Lajnah Pentashihan Mushaf Al-Qur’an Badan Litbang dan Diklat Kementerian Agama. “Hukum, Keadilan dan Hak Asasi Manusia.” In Tafsir Al-Qur’an Tematik, 127. Jakarta: Kementrian Agama RI, 2010.
Shihab, Muhammad Quraish. Tafsir al-Misbah; Pesan, Kesan dan Keserasian Al-Qur’an. Vol. 9. Tanggerang Selatan: Lentera Hati, 2012.
Spencer, Robert. “Prolog.” In Islam Ditelanjangi : Pertanyaan-Pertanyaan Subversif Seputar Doktrin dan Tradisi Kaum Muslim, diedit oleh A. Muis, diterjemahkan oleh Mun’im Sirry, Cetakan I. Jakarta: Paramadina, 2003.
Suhartini, Suhartini, dan Syandi Rama Sabekti. “Penyelesaian Tindak Pidana Zina Melalui Mediasi Perspektif Hukum Positif dan Hukum Islam.” Jurnal Bina Mulia Hukum 4, no. 1 (2019): 72–87. https://doi.org/10.23920/jbmh.v4n1.5.
Syatri, Jonni, Reflita, Muhammad Fatichuddin, Imam Arif Purnawan, Harits Fadlly, Bisri Khikmawati Mustofa, Ali Massaid, Nurkaib, dan Amanullah Halim. Makkiy & Madaniy; Periodesasi Pewahyuan Al-Qur’an. Diedit oleh Muchlis Muhammad Hanaf. Cetakan I. Jakarta Timur: Lajnah Pentashihan Mushaf Al-Qur’an, 2017.
Talebe, Tamrin. “Zina dalam Perspektif Tafsir Al-Qur’an.” Musawa: Journal for Gender Studies 11, no. 1 (2019): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.24239/msw.v11i1.439.
Ulfiyati, Nur Shofa, dan Akh. Syamsul Muniri. “Perbedaan Sanksi Bagi Pelaku Zina dalam Hukum Pidana Islam dan Hukum Pidana Positif.” USRAH: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam 3, no. 2 (2022): 80–94. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.46773/usrah.v3i1.482.
Widayati, Widayati. “Penegakan Hukum dalam Negara Hukum Indonesia yang Demokratis.” PLEDOI (Jurnal Hukum dan Keadilan) 1, no. 1 (2022): 19–31. https://doi.org/10.56721/pledoi.v1i1.28.
Wijaya, Aksin. Sejarah Kenabian; Dalam Perspektif Tafsir Nuzuli Muhammad Izzat Darwazah. Diedit oleh Ahmad Baiquni. Cetakan I. Bandung: Mizan, 2016.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Pathur Rahman, Devi Aulia Utami
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
