Pengaruh Teknologi Hijau dan Green Intellectual Capital Terhadap Keunggulan Kompetitif pada Perusahaan Pertambangan Batubara

Abstract

The coal mining industry in Indonesia faces increasing global pressure to reduce carbon emissions and adopt sustainable practices. In this context, companies are required to optimize green innovation strategies through the adoption of green technology and Green Intellectual Capital (GIC), which includes environmental-based knowledge, organizational structures, and external relations. This study aims to examine the effect of green technology and GIC on the competitive advantage of coal mining companies in Indonesia. A quantitative approach was employed using secondary data from annual and sustainability reports of nine coal mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2020–2023 period, resulting in 36 observations. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted using SPSS version 27. The findings reveal that both green technology and GIC have a significant negative effect on competitive advantage. The t-values of green technology (-2.875, p = 0.007) and GIC (-4.531, p = 0.000) exceed the critical value (2.032). The adjusted R² value of 0.134 indicates that these variables explain only 13.4% of the variation in competitive advantage, with the remaining variance influenced by external factors such as global coal prices, government regulations, and macroeconomic conditions. These results suggest that investment in green technology and GIC without strategic integration may undermine competitiveness. This study reinforces the findings of Pan et al. (2021), which argue that GIC can be counterproductive when not aligned with green innovation strategies. The contribution of this research lies in emphasizing the importance of strategic planning in integrating green technology and GIC to foster sustainable competitive advantage in the coal mining industry.