ANALYSIS OF SYARI'AH ACCOUNTING IN MURABAHAH FINANCING AT THE SYARI'AH MANDIRI BANK IN JAMBI BRANCH

This study intends to find out the murabahah financing procedure and analyze the murabahah financing accounting system implemented at the Jambi SyariahMandiri Bank Branch. In this study analyzing data with a qualitative descriptive approach, and collected by doing documentary studies, observations and interviews. This study concludes that the general procedure for submitting murabahah financing to Bank SyariahMandiri in four ways, the first is to propose a letter of intent to use murabahah financing products, the second is to analyze the ability to pay installments, goodwill and collateral, the third is approving proposals and fourth is to execute a murabahah contract. Meanwhile, the Islamic accounting system applied in Bank SyariahMandiri uses a sigma system which is useful for recording murabahah financing. An accounting system is a system that includes several forms, both in the form of journals, procedures, and tools used to process financial accounts. This analysis supports the murabahah accounting system in Islamic banking. Then, compare the records of financial transactions with PSAK 59.


INTRODUCTION
One of the factors that drive a country's economic growth is the existence of a financial system that runs well, therefore the role of financial institutions such as banking is very important in an economy. Based on the influence of the global financial crisis, Islamic banks are financial institutions that are able to survive compared to conventional banks that experienced the adverse effects of the global crisis, so that many financial institutions are looking to use the Islamic economic system applied to Islamic banks. One of the financing in Islamic banks is murabahah financing, which is the principle of buying and selling goods at the original price with the additional benefits agreed upon.
To facilitate those who carry out the economy, it requires a financial system that can facilitate the parties who will use it, so the existence of accounting is very helpful, accounting generally has a function to provide information, especially financial ones as basic material in decision making by certain parties need it. Therefore the financial statements that will be used as a means of information must be in accordance with the standards of financial statements that cannot be separated from the public's perspective.
Philosophically Islamic banks are banks whose activities leave usury issues. Thus, the avoidance of interest that is considered usury is one of the challenges facing the world of Isalm today. A recent encouraging thing is that Islamic economists have devoted great attention to finding ways to replace the interest system in banking transactions and financial transactions that are more in line with Islamic ethics. This effort is carried out in an effort to build an interest-free economic theory model and its testing of economic growth, allocation and distribution of income.
At the beginning of its development, Islamic banking offered interestfree banking products, namely: mudharabah and musyarakah, two products assumed to be based on profit sharing systems, or popularly known as Profit and Loss Sharing (PLS). with these two products, the bank does not operate with interest, but shares the results with customers.
However, along with the passage of time, the bank then realized that PLS-based products were rather difficult to implement because banks in addition to sharing profits with customers also had to share losses.Banks that are based on sharia principles as well as conventional banks also function as intermediary institutions, namely mobilizing funds from the community and channeling the funds back to the people who need them in the form of financing facilities. Because financing is one of the main activities and is the main source of profit for Islamic banks.
In the implementation of murabahah financing, usually every bank has an accounting system to plan, coordinate and control various activities carried out. This accounting system is very necessary because Islamic banks are a very complex body or institution. Where accounting information systems play an important role in carrying out activities related to murabahah financing activities. The accounting system applied to each Islamic banking must be arranged in such a way as to face future challenges. Where changes in society cannot be avoided and the volume of companies in our modern society seems to increase. These changes will bring new problems and new challenges to the compilers of the accounting information system pattern. Looking at the yearround demand for murabahah financing is increasing, where most people have consumptive nature. Especially the most needed items, namely the house. In addition, most people do not understand how the murabahah financing accounting system is applied by Islamic banks, because murabahah financing customers only know the procedure for submitting a murabahah financing.
For this reason, the authors are interested in conducting research on the process and application of murabahah financing accounting from the procedure to determining the margin of the murabahah financing.

LITERATUR REVIEW
Sharia based economic system, is now in demand by some in Indonesia.
Not only because the majority of Indonesians are Muslim, the Islamic economy is also in demand because the system is different from capitalism, socialism, and the welfare state. Islamic economics in Indonesia includes Islamic banks, Islamic insurance, sharia pawnshops, to Islamic accounting.

A. Islamic Bank
According to Sudarsono Islamic Banks are state financial institutions that provide credit and other services in payment traffic and also circulation of money that operates using Islamic principles or Islam.
Siamat Dahlam, a Sharia Bank is a bank that runs its business based on sharia principles based on the Qur'an and hadith.
PerwataAtmadja, Islamic Banks are banks that operate based on Islamic principles (Islamic) and the procedure is based on the provisions of the Qur'an and Hadith.
Schaik, Islamic Bank is a form of modren bank based on Islamic law, which was developed in the century of Islamic empire by using the concept of risk as the main system and eliminating the financial system based on predetermined certainty and profit.
Muhammad 1 , the Islamic Bank is a bank that operates in accordance with the principles of Islamic sharia, the meaning is a bank that in its operations follows the provisions of Islamic sharia, especially concerning the procedures for Islamic bermuamalah Sudarsono, Islamic banks are financial institutions whose main business is to provide credit and other services in payment traffic and circulation that operate with sharia principles.

B. Bai'alMurabahah
Murabahah is a contract of sale of goods with a selling price equal to the acquisition cost plus an agreed profit and the seller must disclose the Sharia Foundation : Al-Qur'an Annisa' 29 3 : Mean: O you who have believed, do not consume one another's wealth unjustly but only in lawful business by mutual consent. And do not kill yourselves or one another. Indeed, Allah is to you ever Merciful.
Hadist : From Abu Sa'id al-Khudri that the Messenger of Allah (SAW) said, "Truly, buying and selling must be done like and like." (H.R. al-Baihaqi and Ibn Majah and judged saheeh by Ibn Hibban).
Requirements that must be done in the murabahah contract, namely 4 : a. The seller tells the customer the cost of capital.
b. The first contract must be valid in accordance with the stipulated pillars.
c. The contract must be free of usury.
d. The seller must explain to the buyer if there is a defect in the goods after the purchase.
e. The seller must convey all things related to the purchase, for example if the purchase is made in debt.
If the customer has been declared bankrupt and fails to settle his debt, the bank must delay the debt bill until it is able to return, or based on an agreement.

C. Islamic accounting
Abu Bakar A and Wibowo, Accounting is a process of recording, identifying and communicating all the company's economic transactions.
Paul Grady, Accounting is a body of knowledge and has organizational functions in a structured, original, authentic, analyzing and interpreting all events and transactions and financial analysis that will occur in accounting activities to provide information that management needs about all reports and accountability for trust received it.
Kieso and Weygandt, Accounting is an information system that starts from classifying, recording and communicating all economic events from an organization or company to parties that have an interest in that information.
Dr. HuseinSyahatah, based on several notions of accounting, Islamic accounting is defined as: a. A process of presenting the company's financial statements based on the provisions set by Allah.
b. According to Islamic literature accounting (muhasabah) is defined "an activity that is regularly related to recording transactions, actions, decisions in accordance with the Shari'a, and the number of them, in representative records, and relating to the measurement of results -financial results that have implications for transactions, actions, and decisions that help make the right decision.
Accounting principles are a set of general implementation instructions, which must be taken and used as instructions in knowing the general basics a. Available assets for sale in murabaha binding orders: 1. Assessed at cost 2. If there is a decline in assets due to obsolescence, damage, or other conditions before being handed over to customers, the impairment is recognized as an expense and reduces the value of assets.
b. If in a murabahah without an order or murabahah unbinding order there is a strong indication that the buyer canceled the transaction, the murabahah asset: 1. Assessed based on the acquisition cost or net realizable value, whichever is lower.
2. If the net realizable value is lower than the cost, the difference is recognized as a loss.
3. The purchase discount from suppliers is recognized as a reduction in the acquisition cost of murabahah assets.

A. Type of Research
This type of research is qualitative descriptive which describes and explains the application of murabahah accounting systems to Islamic banks.
Descriptive research according, which is research conducted to describe something that is going on at the time of research carried out or describe phenomena that occur around the object of research to determine the value of independent variables, either one variable or more (independent) without make comparisons, or connect with other variables.

B. Research Location
The location of this research is at the Syariah Bank Mandri Jambi Branch.
The selection of objects is based on the financing sample, which is more to

D.Method of collecting data
The method used to collect various data needed in this study are: 1. The interview is by communicating directly with the company related to how to provide a number of questions to get clear and complete data and information.
2. Observation, namely direct observation of the object of study to obtain information and data needed as a basis for analysis and to confirm objectivity and accuracy regarding the things obtained both in the literature study and in the study itself.
3. Documentation, carried out by collecting, copying, viewing, and evaluating reports and documents related to the object of research.
Data analysis method used in this research is qualitative descriptive analysis. After the required data is collected, the data are analyzed by comparing it with the existing theories and then draw conclusions from the results of the comparison.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The higher public interest in utilizing sharia banking and financial services is a logical consequence of the improvement of people's understanding of Islamic teachings that provide guidance in every aspect of life, including business. On the other hand, public interest in Islamic financial services is also due to several advantages possessed by Islamic financial institutions themselves which are reflected in the principles used, especially the principles that uphold the values of justice and equality.

General Procedures for Murabahah Financing
Customers who submit financing to Islamic banks will experience the process. At Bank MandiriSyariah the process can be described in the following financing channels: The description of the mechanism of murabahah financing as an example of mortgage financing can be explained as follows: a. Stage of application for submission of murabahah financing by the customer.
The customer submits murabahah financing to the bank. The 6. Committee approval 7. After obtaining approval from the committee, the account officer will send a Murabahah Approval Letter to the customer.
After obtaining the financing committee's approval, then the customer is called (the buyer, husband and wife), the house seller / developer and the notary who serves in the area where the house is located for the contract signing, while the bank is represented by AO. If the approved financing is ≤ Rp. 50,000,000.00 the customer is subject to APHT fees (Deferred Rights Binding Deed) and if>Rp. 50,000,000.00, the customer is charged SKMHT fee (Power of Attorney to Charge Deferred Rights). Where is used as collateral is a house, the object of financing this mortgage.

The account officer contacted the supplier and requested a Supplier
Declaration of Declaration (SPSS). The purpose of SPSS is to ensure the supplier's ability to provide goods in accordance with the order specifications of the customer. After receiving the Murabahah Approval from the bank, the customer declares his approval of all requirements submitted by the bank and completes all requested documents.
9. The customer agrees to pay a down payment (urbun) proof of the seriousness of buying the item. The financing ceiling of the bank is a maximum of 80% of the appraiser value/original home seller price which is used as a benchmark for financing. The remaining payment is 20% as an advance payment from the customer which is directly deposited to the seller, which is borne by the customer himself, which is outside of KPR financing. This is shown in the form of proof / receipt of the purchase advance for the house. 20. Repayment, can be done by payment method in cash or installments.

The Bank issues a Murabahah Advance Receipt (TTUM
The following is an illustration of the calculation of these numbers: The cost of a house that is financed by the bank to the customer is Rp. 150,000,000. The period of financing is 10 years. The margin that the bank will obtain according to the agreement is 10% per year. So the calculation of the illustration is as follows: Rp 150,000,000 (r) -Rp 6,250,000 (t) = Rp 143,750,000 (profits that are still deferred) The numbers above are used to determine the financing position of each customer. As for knowing smoothly.
Whether or not the installment is paid, it can be seen on the second page of CFN which contains the payment due date each month.
The next part of the Financing Administration section is maintenance of guarantees. This activity is in the form of collateral registration, namely: 1. If the financing is in the form of a mortgage, the guarantee registration contains the price of the house, the address, the house ownership documents. 17 | Iltizam Journal Of Shariah Economic Research, Vol. 4, No. 1, 2020 2. For multipurpose car or motorbike financing, collateral registration contains type / brand, frame number, engine number, dealer price and BPKB.
After the customer has paid the pre-relocation fee and the contract has been made, then the Financing Administration section issues a memo debiting the cost of realization of the Sharia "X" Bank Mortgages. The memo was submitted to Operation Head. Then Operation Head hands over to the branch head. After being examined and approved by the branch head, submit it to the accounting department and then put it in the journal after being compared with the copy of the deposit form. This is where the accounting section began.
In scraping the cost of this realization there is a breakdown of costs that must be paid in the pre-contract period. The journal listed in the memo will appear in the general journal automatically by the system after the Financing Administration section includes these costs to CFN. Similarly, when issuing memos disbursing financing funds.
Following is the daily journal view of the Bank SyariahMandiri Jambi Branch after the Financing Administration section has disbursed financing: The description above is a brief explanation of the sigma system used in the MandiriSyariah Branch Bank Jambi. In general, the way this system works is in accordance with accounting principles and rules. The use of this system is to simplify and streamline the accounting process. If an output error occurs from the system (out put), then most likely an error occurs when the user enters (input) data. For this reason, the Accounting & Control section is tasked with checking the output by comparing it with the transaction evidence. After that, print daily journals and daily financial reports to be reported to interested parties.